The problem
A capable language model is not, by itself, an effective professional worker. The shortfall sits in the model's working properties, and each one is measurable.
Five of them shaped this system:
The first number above comes from an audit anyone can repeat on their own AI-produced material:
- Collect the produced documents and extract every checkable claim: article numbers, scopes, figures, quoted definitions, named duties.
- Open the source each claim points at and compare. Four outcomes: verified, wrong, imprecise, untraceable.
- Score each document by the share of its claims that verified directly.
- Read the failures by class. Where they cluster shows where checking has to live. In this practice they clustered in structured references, and grew where the source material was thin.
The method needs the source texts at hand, and it needs every claim checked rather than only the suspicious ones. Sampling by suspicion misses the class that matters most: the claims that read most fluently.
Asking the model to do better does not move these properties. Structure moves them: checks that run automatically, records that persist between sessions, and human review directed at the claims that carry risk. The change is measurable:
| How the output was produced | Measured result |
|---|---|
| Notes written with the model and taken as produced, with no checking step between the model and the note | Every note in the audited batch carried citation errors. Per note, 37 to 84 percent of checked claims verified against the source. |
| Deliverables produced under the system: each factual claim graded and checked against its source before delivery | Between 0 and 1.7 percent of claims failed the pre-delivery check and were corrected. No delivered document has a wrong claim on record. |
The mechanisms that produced the difference are the subject of this site.